Suchergebnisse

This article analyses of the emergence and adaptation of the welfare state in Finnish agricultural policy. It is based on earlier studies of the development of Finnish agricultural policy in 1930‐1980. The data used in these studies consist of statistical analyses, as well as information gleaned from newspapers and documents issued by the Finnish Parliament and agricultural administration. The documents describe the arguments in favour of the new policy schemes presented by policy makers during that period. Equality was a major component of these arguments, with a shift from creating equality of opportunity to equality of results. This change in argumentation is interpreted as an indication of a growing institutionalization of welfare rationality in agricultural policy. Welfare state rationality started to develop in agricultural policy at the same time and sometimes even earlier as in social policy. This outcome can be used to reinterpret the characteristics and the development of the Finnish welfare state.

Most recent research seeks to explain contemporary changes in Russia by analysing the decisions of Russian leaders, oligarchs and politicians based in Moscow. This book examines another Russia, one of ordinary people changing their environment and taking opportunities to provoke societal changes in small towns and the countryside. Russia is a resource-rich society and the country's strategy and institutional structure are built on the most valuable of these resources: oil and gas. Analysing the implications of this situation at the local level, this book offers chapters on resource use, local authorities, enterprises, poverty and types of individual, as well as a final chapter which places local societies within the framework of the Russian politicised economy. Based on extensive empirical data gathered through more than 400 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, teachers, social workers and those working for the local authorities, this book sheds light on the role of local activity in the development of Russian society and is essential reading for students and scholars interested in Russia and its politics.

This title is published in Open Access with the support of the University of Helsinki. ; Most recent research seeks to explain contemporary changes in Russia by analysing the decisions of Russian leaders, oligarchs and politicians based in Moscow. This book examines another Russia, one of ordinary people changing their environment and taking opportunities to provoke societal changes in small towns and the countryside. Russia is a resource-rich society and the country's strategy and institutional structure are built on the most valuable of these resources: oil and gas. Analysing the implications of this situation at the local level, this book offers chapters on resource use, local authorities, enterprises, poverty and types of individual, as well as a final chapter which places local societies within the framework of the Russian politicised economy. Based on extensive empirical data gathered through more than 400 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, teachers, social workers and those working for the local authorities, this book sheds light on the role of local activity in the development of Russian society and is essential reading for students and scholars interested in Russia and its politics.

Most recent research seeks to explain contemporary changes in Russia by analysing the decisions of Russian leaders, oligarchs and politicians based in Moscow. This book examines another Russia, one of ordinary people changing their environment and taking opportunities to provoke societal changes in small towns and the countryside. Russia is a resource-rich society and the country's strategy and institutional structure are built on the most valuable of these resources: oil and gas. Analysing the implications of this situation at the local level, this book offers chapters on resource use, local authorities, enterprises, poverty and types of individual, as well as a final chapter which places local societies within the framework of the Russian politicised economy. Based on extensive empirical data gathered through more than 400 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, teachers, social workers and those working for the local authorities, this book sheds light on the role of local activity in the development of Russian society and is essential reading for students and scholars interested in Russia and its politics.

1. Introduction : leader as an experiment in grass-roots democracy / Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovach -- 2. LEADER and local democracy : a comparison between Finland and the United Kingdom / Johan Munck af Rosenschold and Johanna Loyhko -- 3. A perspective of LEADER method in Spain based on the analysis of local action groups / Javier Esparcia, Jaime Escribano and Almudena Buciega -- 4. The LEADER programme in Hungary : bottom-up development with top-down control? / Bernadett Csurgo and Imre Kovach -- 5. The democratic capabilities of and rhetoric on LEADER LAGs in the EU : the Danish case / Annette Aagaard Thuesen -- 6. A political perspective on LEADER in Finland : democracy and the problem of 'troublemakers' / Marko Nousiainen -- 7. LEADER and possibilities of local development in the Russian countryside / Leo Granberg, Jouko Nikula and Inna Kopoteva -- 8. Questioning the gender distribution in Danish LEADER LAGs / Annette Aagaard Thuesen and Petra Derkzen -- 9. LEADER LAGs : neocorporatist local regimes or examples of economic democracy? / Giorgio Osti -- 10. Bottom-up initiatives and competing interests in Transylvania / Denes Kiss and Enikő Veress -- 11. Can renewable energy contribute to poverty reduction? A case study on Romafa, a Hungarian LEADER / Ildiko Asztalos Morell -- 12. Developing or creating instability? Development management, scale and representativeness in Tunisia / Aude-Annabelle Canesse -- 13. Conclusion : the LEADER colours on the democracy palette / Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovach.